Monkeypox pandemic fears

HEALTH authorities in North America and Europe have detected dozens of suspected or confirmed cases of monkeypox since early May, sparking concern the disease endemic in parts of Africa is spreading.

Canada was the latest country to report it was investigating more than a dozen suspected cases of monkeypox, after Spain and Portugal detected more than 40 possible and verified cases.

Britain has confirmed nine cases since May 6, and the US verified its first on Wednesday, saying a man in the eastern state of Massachusetts had tested positive for the virus after visiting Canada.

The illness, from which most people recover within a few weeks and which has only been fatal in rare cases, has infected thousands of people in parts of Central and Western Africa in recent years but is rare in Europe and North Africa.

The World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday it was co-ordinating with UK and European health officials over the new outbreaks.

“We really need to better understand the extent of monkeypox in endemic countries… to really understand how much is circulating and the risk that it poses for people who are living there, as well as the risk of exportation,” infectious disease epidemiologist Dr Maria van Kerkhove said at a WHO press conference on global health issues this week.

The first case in Britain was someone who had travelled from Nigeria, though later cases were possibly a result of community transmission, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) said.

“These latest cases, together with reports of cases in countries across Europe, confirms our initial concerns that there could be a spread of monkeypox within our communities,” said the agency’s chief medical adviser, Dr Susan Hopkins.

The WHO said it was also investigating that many cases reported were people identifying as gay or bisexual.

“We are seeing transmission among men having sex with men,” said WHO assistant director-general Dr Soce Fall.

“This is new information we need to investigate properly to understand better the dynamic of local transmission in the UK and some other countries.”

The UK Health Security Agency noted that monkeypox had not previously been characterised as a sexually transmitted disease, underscoring that “it can be passed on by direct contact during sex”.

“Anyone, regardless of sexual orientation, can spread monkeypox through contact with body fluids, monkeypox sores, or shared items (such as clothing and bedding) that have been contaminated by fluids or sores of a person with monkeypox,” a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on Wednesday. It added that household disinfectants could kill the virus on surfaces.

The illness often starts with flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle ache and swollen lymph nodes before causing a chickenpox-like rash on the face and body, the US agency explained.

The Massachusetts Department of Health said that the case there – the first confirmed this year in the US – occurred in a patient who had recently travelled to Canada and “poses no risk to the public, and the individual is hospitalised and in good condition”. Health authorities in Canada’s Quebec province announced they were investigating at least 13 suspected cases of monkeypox, public broadcaster CBC reported on Wednesday.

The cases were flagged to Montreal authorities after diagnoses were made in several clinics specialising in sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections. The Public Health Agency of Canada said it had called on “public health authorities and laboratory partners across the country to be alert for and investigate any potential cases.

According to the CDC, there were no reported cases of monkeypox for 40 years before it re-emerged in Nigeria in 2017.